Layer Chicken Farms - Poultry Farming Strategies of Layers and Broilers

Light is one of the necessary environmental conditions for laying hens. The intensity, time and color of light are very important for chicken activities, metabolism, growth and productivity, especially for laying hens raised in layer battery cage equipment. Reasonable control of light can improve the production capacity of laying hens and the economic benefits of farmers.

 

 

 

 

 

1. The effect of light on laying hens

 


Light stimulates the hypothalamus directly through the skull or light through the nerve pathway of the nerve lobe. After the hypothalamus is stimulated, it secretes gonadotropin-releasing hormone, which reaches the anterior pituitary through the pituitary portal system, causing follicles The secretion of stimulating hormones and ovulation hormones promote the development of follicles and then ovulation. The developing follicles produce estrogen, which promotes the development and function of the hen’s fallopian tubes. At the same time, estrogen also promotes calcium metabolism to facilitate the formation of eggshells. Ovulation hormones Causes hens to ovulate. In a closed chicken house, no matter how nature changes day and night. The laying of eggs by hens is mostly concentrated in the first 2-7 hours of artificial light.

 

2. Control of lighting technology

 

1. Lighting time. The length of lighting time is closely related to the age of sexual maturity of chickens. Too short light time during the rearing period will delay sexual maturity, and too long time will lead to early sexual maturity.


2. Light intensity. Appropriate light intensity is conducive to the normal growth and development of chickens. Excessive light can make chickens irritable and cause severe pecking, prolapse or nervousness. The sudden increase in light intensity during the laying period can significantly increase the rate of cracked eggs, soft-skinned eggs, deformed eggs, and sudden death; low illumination can accelerate the deposition of body fat, but the illumination is too low. It will reduce the chicken's feed intake, reduce drinking water, hinder growth and development, and reduce egg production.

 

 

 

 

There are four ways to control the light intensity: one is to control the intensity by increasing or decreasing the number of bulbs; the other is to adjust the intensity by changing the bulbs of different power; the third is to control the intensity by adjusting the voltage; the fourth is to control the intensity by adjusting the spacing. But no matter how you adjust, each time you turn on and turn off the lights, you must gradually change from dark to bright, from bright to dark, to give the chickens an adaptation process to prevent frightening the flock. The distance between the bulbs should be 1.5 times the height of the bulb from the ground; the distance between the lamp and the wall should be half the distance between the bulbs, and the lamps between rows should be arranged in a staggered manner to obtain a more uniform lighting effect.

 


3. Light color. Laying hens are more sensitive to color. Chickens have better vision under red, orange and yellow light. Under red light, it tends to be quiet, with very few pecking habit, a little later in maturity, high feed reward, and egg production slightly increased; yellow light reduces feed reward, delayed sexual maturity, increased egg weight, decreased egg production, and increased pecking ; Green light can make sexual maturity earlier and weight gain faster; blue light can reduce hen egg production.

In recent years, with the vigorous development of the chicken industry, the improvement of the research and development level of livestock breeding equipment has greatly promoted the development of automation, and the technology of chicken farming equipment has also achieved rapid development.

Because of the sharp increase in labor costs, among the modern chicken raising equipment, the most widely used is the stacked chicken cage, which has been recognized by the majority of farmers.

Therefore, a modern-scale chicken farm cannot be separated from the use of modern intelligent chicken-raising equipment. Modern intelligent chicken-raising equipment can be said to be the core of the normal operation of modern-scale chicken farms, while fully automatic battery chicken-raising equipment is a modern layer chicken farm. Indispensable basic equipment for breeding.

The battery chicken cages are a product that solves chicken raising equipment at one time. The cascading brooding cage is a product equipment that can be used for brooding. There is no need to replace the chicken raising equipment during the chicken raising process, which avoids the stress reaction of the chicken during the transfer of the chicken, and also reduces the labor cost for the farmers. Laminated chicken cages are made of hot-dip galvanizing technology and have been treated with anti-corrosion treatment. It is necessary to pay attention to daily maintenance. The service life will be very long, and the multi-layer design can raise a large amount at the same time and does not occupy space. The cascading brooding cage can be raised in a centralized manner. There is a matching nipple drinking system, which can set different drinking water according to the size of the chicken, and the cage is convenient to wash and easy to disinfect.

The extensive use of modern chicken farming equipment has improved the efficiency of breeding, and farmers can more easily realize intensive chicken breeding because of their use.

In the process of raising chickens in laying hens, the farmers know that the hens need reasonable illumination, and the natural light often does not achieve good results. Therefore, when the chickens are illuminated, they need to use artificial lighting equipment for artificial replenishment. Reasonable illumination is beneficial to the growth and production performance of laying hens, so it is a very important task. The author reminds farmers to pay attention to the following four points in addition to the time to light and the number of lighting equipment:

 

1. The chicken farming equipment illumination should be stable: the time for the average farmer to choose to supplement the light for the laying hens starts from the age of 19 weeks. When the light setting time is set, the light should be slowly increased from short to long, increasing by half an hour every week. It is appropriate. Farmers should pay attention to the fact that when the light is increased to 16 hours a day, it should be kept in stable light, and then the daily light can not be long and short. The best way is to add light every morning and evening.

 

 

2. The intensity should be suitable: the farmers should pay attention to the light intensity of the lighting equipment. For normal laying hens, the required light intensity is generally 2.7 watts, but the multi-layer culture mode of the egg cage culture, so the bottom layer The flocks are not easy to feel the light, so it should be improved when setting the light intensity, generally 3.3 to 3.5 watts per square meter.

 

3. The illuminance should be uniform: the farmers should pay attention when installing the lighting equipment. We suggested that the bulbs installed in the chicken houses of the farmers should be 40 to 60 watts, and then the height of the lamps should be set at about 2 meters. The distance between the bulbs is recommended to be about 3 meters. In addition, the farmer should pay attention to the fact that if your house needs to install more than two rows of bulbs, you should cross them so that the light is even, the distance between the wall and the wall. Should be half of the bulb spacing, should also pay attention to replace the broken bulb at any time, wipe the bulb once a week to maintain the proper brightness in the house.

 

4. It is advisable to use red light: there are many kinds of light colors in the lighting equipment. Farmers should pay attention to the different light colors of the lighting equipment when they choose, and the wavelengths are different. Tests have shown that hens under red light have higher egg production rates than hens under other light conditions when other conditions are the same, so it is recommended that farmers choose red light equipment.

If a breeding farm wants to be industrialized, large-scale breeding is inseparable from automatic layer breeding machinery and equipment. Automatic layer breeding machinery and equipment are good assistants to assist layer farmers in the breeding work. Nowadays, the chicken breeding equipment is very good. Mechanical automation can be applied for a long time. This requires farms to carry out timely maintenance and maintenance of machinery and equipment, so as to ensure that all machinery and equipment can be maintained for the long-term normal work of the farm. The working efficiency of the chicken farm is the maintenance and maintenance of the following automatic layer breeding machinery and equipment.

 

The key of automatic layer breeding machinery and equipment includes: automatic manure cleaning machine, automatic feeding machine, automatic egg picking machine, each of which will describe the key points of maintenance of machinery and equipment.

 

 

 

1. Automatic manure cleaning machine: After the farm has applied the manure cleaning machine for a period of time, the manure removal belt will increase and increase the slack. Maintenance of rolling bearings and rubber sticks. Rolling bearings should be added with unsalted butter on time. The glue sticks should be kept tight and not loose. In addition, many farms have a roll-up of manure removal opportunities. Farms will remove manure belts in passive rolling. The position of the barrel can be leveled.

 

2. Automatic feeder: When the feeder is in use, the farm must pay attention to the fact that no items can be placed on the feeder, otherwise it will cause the motor to withstand too much force and burn the motor. The application of the feeder Make sure that the transmission chain and gears have a certain level of lubrication, otherwise the lack of lubrication will destroy the equipment. The farm should pay attention to regular maintenance. The feeder is mainly produced by skin to transport concentrated feed, so the farm should be maintained regularly Is the transmission belt intact? Is the level of tightness moderate? The control cabinet of the feeder will have a lot of dust due to dust caused by the concentrate. In the long term, it will cause short-circuit failure of the internal power circuit. The farm should carry out the removal on time.

 

3. Fully automatic egg picker: When the farm uses an automatic egg picker, it is necessary to pay attention to the detailed learning and training of the appropriate operation steps of the machine equipment. If the wrong operation is very easy to cause damage to the machine and equipment, use the egg picker After that, you must pay attention to frequent disinfection and sterilization, because some chicken excrement, feather dusters and other items containing pathogens are inevitably left in the whole process of application of machinery and equipment. If you have been using a machine that carries pathogens and does not often clean up If the equipment is available, the quality of the eggs will be reduced.

 

Laying hen cages raise chickens. The growth cycle of laying hens is short and the stocking density is high. Farmers should pay special attention to the prevention of chickens. Doing a good job of disease defense can reduce the incidence of disease.

 

Farmers should develop immunization procedures. Farmers should be based on the local disease epidemic status. Find out what diseases have occurred in the area before or now. Farmers must focus on prevention. Develop a reasonable immunization program.

 

Buy high-quality vaccines. Whether the immunization is effective has a lot to do with the vaccine selected by the farmers. The quality of the vaccine is related to the effectiveness of the vaccine. Farmers should buy regular biological manufacturers. Also need to pay attention to the production date, shelf life and so on.

 

Note that sick chickens cannot be vaccinated. When farmers are conducting epidemic prevention, sick chickens cannot be immunized. If the farmers vaccinate the sick chickens, it will accelerate the death of the sick chickens. So vaccinate the sick chickens when they recover.

 

Avoid immune stress. In order to avoid stress during vaccination. Farmers should pay attention to the use of anti-stress drugs 4 to 5 hours before immunization when vaccinating with eye drops and nose drops. Avoid catching stress that causes the flock to die.

 

The above are some things that farmers should pay attention to when immunizing chickens in the process of raising chickens with the automatic chicken breeding equipment shared by the farmers.

With the increasing number of large-scale chicken farms, it is more contradictory for chicken farms to choose automated poultry cages for equipment, and they do not know how to choose. The following poultry equipment manufacturers will introduce to you how to make decisions on the selection of equipment for your reference

 

A Type Layer Cages

The laying hen equipment is a type A chicken coop. You can choose to install two types of manure cleaning: scraper cleaning and belt cleaning. It is a relatively early use of laying hen breeding equipment. If your coop can hold 5000-30000 birds. A-type battery layer cages are very suitable.

 

 

Advantage:

  1. The cost is low, and the breeding density is higher than that of flat breeding.
  2. The open area of each layer of chicken coop is large, even if it is an open chicken house, the ventilation effect is good.
  3. Reasonable design, easy to operate,
  4. Easy maintenance and long service life.
  5. The easy-to-open spring-loaded door makes it easy to observe and move the pullets.

 

Shortcoming:

  1. The area is relatively large, and the space utilization rate is low compared with the H-type chicken cages;
  2. The labor intensity of workers is high;
  3. The chicken manure on the upper tierof the chicken cage will fall to the chickens on the lower tier, which is not conducive to the health of the chickens and the integrity of the feathers.

 

H Type Poultry Cages

 

Chicken cages are tiered on top of each other like buildings. This kind of equipment was developed later, due to the increasing shortage of land resources, less and less land can be used for breeding. Therefore, more and more customers increase the stocking density, just to save land, and the degree of intensification is getting higher and higher.

 

 

Advantage: 

  1. Vertically battery chicken cages save more floor space, increase the number of feeding, reduce labor and management costs, and ultimately bring considerable profits to chicken farmers.
  2. There is a manure removal belt at the bottom of each cage, which is clean and hygienic, allowing the chickens to grow healthily and less pollution to the environment.
  3. Small footprint, high space utilization, easy to achieve intensive and large-scale breeding;
  4. Sliding cage door, the opening is convenient and large, and it is easier to catch chickens.

 

Shortcoming:

  1. It adopts closed type and automatic temperature control, otherwise it is difficult to control the temperature inside the chicken house.
  2. There are at least tens of thousands of chickens in a chicken house, and the risk factor is relatively high.

 

Based on the above situation, I believe everyone knows how to choose. The chicken farmer still choose the equipment that suits them according to their total amount of laying hens and investment.

  •  Do not mix the feed water with porridge-like chicken. Thinners tend to dilute the digestive juices and reduce the activity of various digestive enzymes, resulting in incomplete feed digestion, poor nutrient absorption, and even indigestion, which greatly reduces feed utilization. Chickens are also prone to fat deposits because of their thinner skin, and their subcutaneous fat is too thick to cater to consumer preferences.
  • Try to use a free drinking fountain, or plastic cover drinking fountains, such as the use of plastic cover drinking fountains best hanging up, to the chicken can drink water is appropriate to ensure that the chicken has sufficient clean drinking water.

  • When the weather is hot, it can be fed in the morning and in the evening and it can improve the feed intake of chickens. Wet material can be used at noon, and the ratio of material to water is suitable for 1:0.5-2. The degree of opening is better. Generally, feeding dry materials in the morning and feeding wet materials at noon can stimulate chickens to eat more food.
  • When your chickens run into high temperature, you can add glucose and vitamin C to your drinking water, which can increase the energy lost due to lack of feed intake. It can also enhance the chicken's physique and anti-stress ability. It also has certain auxiliary treatment effects on high fever.

In the process of raising chickens in automated layer cages, the comprehensiveness of feed nutrients is the basis for improving the high yield of layer hens. Sometimes the egg shell becomes thin and easy to break, and the color varies from light to dark. It means that the laying hens are lacking in calcium.

 

The first layer lacks calcium content in the feed. Farmers should know that calcium is an essential nutrient substance for laying hens to grow and lay eggs. It should be adjusted according to the growth of the laying hens and the laying situation. Therefore, farmers should pay attention to calcium supplementation for laying hens.

 

 

The nutrients of calcium and phosphorus in the feed are not balanced. Farmers should pay attention to whether the nutrients in the breeding are balanced. Too much phosphorus will affect the absorption of calcium. Calcium and phosphorus affect the strength of the eggshell.

 

Long-term cage breeding and lack of light: Most farmers now use the method of raising chickens in layer cages to raise layer hens. Most of the chicken houses are closed, so the layer chickens cannot get effective light. Farmers need to purchase lighting equipment for artificial lighting. But if the farmers do not perform the proper order, it will affect the absorption of calcium in the laying hens. At the same time, when the supplemented concentrate calcium is less, there will be a lack of calcium.

 

The above are the several reasons why layer cage manufacturers have summarized the calcium deficiency of layers for farmers. I hope that the above description can bring some help to farmers.